Constructing Social Reality by Michael Karlberg

It was found that social interaction, imagery, heuristics, intuition, and proof were the common characteristics of mathematical creativity. The results indicate that, in general, the mathematicians’ creative processes followed the four-stage Gestalt model of preparation-incubation-illumination-verification. Analytic induction was used to analyze the qualitative data in the interview transcripts and to verify the theory driven hypotheses. The mathematicians in this study verbally reflected on the thought processes involved in creating mathematics. In order to investigate how mathematicians create mathematics, a qualitative study involving five creative mathematicians was conducted. However, the source of this growth, the creativity of the mathematician, is a relatively unexplored area in mathematics and mathematics education. Mathematical creativity ensures the growth of mathematics as a whole. Publisher ‏ : ‎ Association for Baha'i Studies (March 21, 2021) Karlberg's timely and accessible argument is offered with a spirit of humility and open-mindedness, inviting dialogue characterized by the same spirit, born out of genuine concern for the betterment of humanity at this critical juncture in history. He does this, in philosophical terms, by reconciling ontological foundationalism and epistemological relativism within a moderate social constructionist framework.

Michael Karlberg articulates a framework for reconciling each of these false dichotomies in a critically informed and constructive manner. These habits include dichotomous conceptions of truth and relativity, cynical conceptions of knowledge and power, and conflictual conceptions of science and religion. Some of the most significant obstacles to human well-being today are habits of Western thought that have been exported around the world. Michael Karlberg, professor of Communication Studies, Western Washington University. Every time a government plan restricts market exchange, ignorance is substituted for knowledge. The market is essential precisely because it allows people to benefit from widely dispersed knowledge when no one has more than the smallest fragment of that knowledge, not even government planners. If everyone had perfect knowledge, the case for the market would largely disappear. Yet economics students are invariably taught that the market works properly only if all participants have perfect knowledge. Market exchange and prices generate the information and motivation. Informed economic decision-making requires allowing people to act on the information of “time and place” that only they have, while providing a system of communication that motivates us and informs us on how best to do it. Hayek points out that sensibly allocating scarce resources requires knowledge dispersed among many people, with no individual or group of experts capable of acquiring it all.

Constructing Social Reality by Michael Karlberg